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Valves act as the gatekeepers of the engine, regulating airflow into and out of the combustion chamber. During the intake stroke, the intake valve opens to allow the air-fuel mixture into the cylinder. During the exhaust stroke, the exhaust valve opens to expel combustion gases.
Precision in valve timing and sealing is crucial for engine efficiency, power output, and emissions control. Modern engines may feature multi-valve designs (4, 5 valves per cylinder) or variable valve timing (VVT) systems to optimize performance across different RPM ranges.
Engine valves are mechanical components located in the cylinder head that control the flow of air-fuel mixture into the cylinders (intake valves) and the exit of exhaust gases (exhaust valves). Proper valve operation is essential for engine performance, efficiency, and emissions control.
Intake Valves – Allow air (or air-fuel mixture) to enter the combustion chamber. Usually larger than exhaust valves for better airflow.
Exhaust Valves – Allow burnt gases to exit the combustion chamber. Made of heat-resistant materials due to high temperatures.
Valve Stem – The long, narrow shaft that guides the valve within the cylinder head.
Valve Head – The flat or slightly domed part that seals against the valve seat to prevent gas leakage.
Valve Seat – The surface in the cylinder head that the valve head seals against.
Material – Usually made of heat-resistant steel alloys; exhaust valves may have additional coatings or hollow designs for cooling.
Valve Springs – Return valves to their closed position after opening and maintain contact with the camshaft.
Valve Guides – Ensure accurate movement of the valve stem and reduce wear.
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