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Pistons are often called the “power-producing components” of the engine. They compress the air-fuel mixture, withstand the explosion during combustion, and transfer the generated force to the crankshaft via the connecting rod. This up-and-down motion (reciprocating motion) is converted into rotational motion, ultimately driving the vehicle’s wheels.
Modern pistons are engineered to be strong yet lightweight, with advanced coatings to resist wear, reduce friction, and improve efficiency. High-performance engines may use forged pistons for added durability under extreme conditions.
The piston is a cylindrical engine component that moves up and down inside the cylinder. It converts the expanding force of combustion into mechanical motion, transmitting power to the crankshaft through the connecting rod.
Piston Head (Crown) – The top surface that faces the combustion chamber and withstands extreme pressure and heat.
Piston Skirt – The cylindrical portion that guides the piston’s movement within the cylinder.
Piston Rings – Seals around the piston that prevent gas leakage (compression rings) and control oil consumption (oil ring).
Piston Pin (Gudgeon Pin/Wrist Pin) – Connects the piston to the connecting rod, allowing pivot movement.
Material – Usually made of aluminum alloy for lightweight strength and heat dissipation.
Design Variants – Flat-top, dome, or dished piston heads to optimize combustion efficiency and engine performance.
Cooling Features – Some pistons include internal oil passages or coatings to manage high temperatures.
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